Research paper library

Research library

184 unique sources · 8 with bibliographic details checked against an index. “Check pending” sources are scheduled for DOI verification in the quality-assurance phase. Also see the formula library.

1. Achten J, Jeukendrup AE (2004). Optimizing fat oxidation through exercise and diet. Nutrition, 20(7–8):716–727. check pending
   Cited in: The aerobic oxidative system
2. American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists (2020). Physical activity and exercise during pregnancy and the postpartum period: ACOG Committee Opinion No. 804. Obstetrics & Gynecology, 135(4):e178–e188. check pending
   Cited in: Exercise considerations across the lifespan
3. American College of Sports Medicine; Liguori G (ed.) (2021). ACSM's Guidelines for Exercise Testing and Prescription (11th ed.). Wolters Kluwer. check pending
   Cited in: Considerations for clients with chronic disease
4. Appel LJ, Moore TJ, Obarzanek E, et al. (1997). A clinical trial of the effects of dietary patterns on blood pressure (DASH). New England Journal of Medicine, 336(16):1117–1124. doi:10.1056/NEJM199704173361601 check pending
   Cited in: Nutrition in diabetes, hypertension, dyslipidaemia, PCOD and thyroid disorders
5. Ashwell M, Gunn P, Gibson S (2012). Waist-to-height ratio is a better screening tool than waist circumference and BMI for adult cardiometabolic risk factors: systematic review and meta-analysis. Obesity Reviews, 13(3):275–286. doi:10.1111/j.1467-789X.2011.00952.x check pending
   Cited in: Resting assessments and anthropometric measurements
6. ATS Committee on Proficiency Standards for Clinical Pulmonary Function Laboratories (2002). ATS statement: guidelines for the six-minute walk test. American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, 166(1):111–117. check pending
   Cited in: Cardiorespiratory assessments
7. Bahr R (2016). Why screening tests to predict injury do not work—and probably never will…: a critical review. British Journal of Sports Medicine, 50(13):776–780. doi:10.1136/bjsports-2016-096256 check pending
   Cited in: Athlete assessment and evaluation · Limits of movement screens and postural assessment · Biomechanics and movement analysis
8. Bandura A (1977). Self-efficacy: toward a unifying theory of behavioral change. Psychological Review, 84(2):191–215. check pending
   Cited in: Basics of behaviour change
9. Bangsbo J, Mohr M, Krustrup P (2006). Physical and metabolic demands of training and match-play in the elite football player. Journal of Sports Sciences, 24(7):665–674. check pending
   Cited in: Position-specific drills: team vs individual sports
10. Barakat C, Pearson J, Escalante G, Campbell B, De Souza EO (2020). Body recomposition: can trained individuals build muscle and lose fat at the same time?. Strength and Conditioning Journal, 42(5):7–21. check pending
    Cited in: Balancing muscle gain and fat loss
11. Bassett DR Jr, Howley ET (2000). Limiting factors for maximum oxygen uptake and determinants of endurance performance. Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise, 32(1):70–84. doi:10.1097/00005768-200001000-00012 verified
    Cited in: Blood components and oxygen transport · Stroke volume, heart rate and cardiac output · VO₂ max
12. Behm DG, Drinkwater EJ, Willardson JM, Cowley PM (2010). The use of instability to train the core musculature (Canadian Society for Exercise Physiology position stand). Applied Physiology, Nutrition, and Metabolism, 35(1):91–108. check pending
    Cited in: Functional workout with medicine and stability balls · Overview of functional training principles and concepts · Science behind functional and constructive training
13. Betts JG, Young KA, Wise JA, et al. (2022). Anatomy and Physiology 2e — Section 1.6: Anatomical Terminology. OpenStax, Rice University. · Link check pending
    Cited in: Anatomical terminology, planes, axes and movement directions
14. Betts JG, Young KA, Wise JA, et al. (2022). Anatomy and Physiology 2e — Section 9.5: Types of Body Movements. OpenStax, Rice University. · Link check pending
    Cited in: Anatomical terminology, planes, axes and movement directions
15. Betts JG, Young KA, Wise JA, et al. (2022). Anatomy and Physiology 2e — Chapter 6: Bone Tissue and the Skeletal System. OpenStax, Rice University. · Link check pending
    Cited in: Bone structure, remodelling and adaptation to loading · Skeletal system: structure and functions
16. Betts JG, Young KA, Wise JA, et al. (2022). Anatomy and Physiology 2e — Section 11.5: Muscles of the Pectoral Girdle and Upper Limbs. OpenStax, Rice University. · Link check pending
    Cited in: Elbow and wrist functional anatomy
17. Betts JG, Young KA, Wise JA, et al. (2022). Anatomy and Physiology 2e — Chapter 9: Joints. OpenStax, Rice University. · Link check pending
    Cited in: Joint mechanics: arthrokinematics and stability · Joint types and classification
18. Betts JG, Young KA, Wise JA, et al. (2022). Anatomy and Physiology 2e — Chapter 11: The Muscular System. OpenStax, Rice University. · Link check pending
    Cited in: The muscular system: organisation and major muscle groups
19. Betts JG, Young KA, Wise JA, et al. (2022). Anatomy and Physiology 2e — Chapters 7–8: Axial and Appendicular Skeleton. OpenStax, Rice University. · Link check pending
    Cited in: Skeletal system: structure and functions
20. Betts JG, Young KA, Wise JA, et al. (2022). Anatomy and Physiology 2e — Chapter 18: Blood; Section 22.5: Transport of Gases. OpenStax, Rice University. · Link check pending
    Cited in: Blood components and oxygen transport
21. Betts JG, Young KA, Wise JA, et al. (2022). Anatomy and Physiology 2e — Section 19.4: Cardiac Physiology. OpenStax, Rice University. · Link check pending
    Cited in: Stroke volume, heart rate and cardiac output
22. Betts JG, Young KA, Wise JA, et al. (2022). Anatomy and Physiology 2e — Chapter 19: The Cardiovascular System: The Heart. OpenStax, Rice University. · Link check pending
    Cited in: Heart anatomy and the cardiac cycle
23. Betts JG, Young KA, Wise JA, et al. (2022). Anatomy and Physiology 2e — Chapter 10: Muscle Tissue. OpenStax, Rice University. · Link check pending
    Cited in: Muscle physiology: excitation–contraction and the sliding filament model
24. Blazevich AJ (2006). Effects of physical training and detraining, immobilisation, growth and aging on human fascicle geometry. Sports Medicine, 36(12):1003–1017. check pending
    Cited in: Muscle architecture: pennation, length and cross-sectional area
25. Bogdanis GC, Nevill ME, Boobis LH, et al. (1995). Recovery of power output and muscle metabolites following 30 s of maximal sprint cycling in man. Journal of Physiology, 482(2):467–480. check pending
    Cited in: The ATP-PC (phosphagen) system
26. Borg GA (1982). Psychophysical bases of perceived exertion. Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise, 14(5):377–381. doi:10.1249/00005768-198205000-00012 check pending
    Cited in: Heart rate zones and RPE-based intensity control
27. Bosquet L, Montpetit J, Arvisais D, Mujika I (2007). Effects of tapering on performance: a meta-analysis. Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise, 39(8):1358–1365. check pending
    Cited in: Deloading and fatigue management · Periodisation and long-term athlete development (LTAD)
28. Bouchard C, An P, Rice T, et al. (1999). Familial aggregation of VO₂max response to exercise training: results from the HERITAGE Family Study. Journal of Applied Physiology, 87(3):1003–1008. doi:10.1152/jappl.1999.87.3.1003 check pending
    Cited in: VO₂ max
29. Boyle M (2016). New Functional Training for Sports (2nd ed.). Human Kinetics. check pending
    Cited in: Benefits of functional training for diverse populations · Functional workout with body weight, bands and pulleys · Functional workout with dumbbells and kettlebells · Equipment used in functional training · Designing functional and group training programmes · Four basic foundations of human movement · Fundamental movement patterns: push, pull, squat, hinge · Overview of functional training principles and concepts · Science behind functional and constructive training
30. Brooks GA (2018). The science and translation of lactate shuttle theory. Cell Metabolism, 27(4):757–785. doi:10.1016/j.cmet.2018.03.008 check pending
    Cited in: Anaerobic glycolysis and lactate · Energy systems overview: how the body makes ATP
31. Brooks GA, Mercier J (1994). Balance of carbohydrate and lipid utilization during exercise: the “crossover” concept. Journal of Applied Physiology, 76(6):2253–2261. doi:10.1152/jappl.1994.76.6.2253 check pending
    Cited in: The aerobic oxidative system · Energy systems overview: how the body makes ATP
32. Bryant CX, Green DJ, Newton-Merrill S (eds) (2020). ACE Personal Trainer Manual (6th ed.). American Council on Exercise. check pending
    Cited in: Considerations for clients with obesity · Integrated fitness training models (ACE IFT framework) · Legal guidelines and business considerations · Considerations for clients with musculoskeletal issues · Role and scope of practice for personal trainers
33. Bull FC, Al-Ansari SS, Biddle S, et al. (2020). World Health Organization 2020 guidelines on physical activity and sedentary behaviour. British Journal of Sports Medicine, 54(24):1451–1462. doi:10.1136/bjsports-2020-102955 check pending
    Cited in: Cardiorespiratory training: physiology, assessments and programming · Exercise considerations across the lifespan · Muscular training: foundations and benefits · Aerobic fitness concepts and adaptations · Heart rate zones and RPE-based intensity control
34. Burke LM, Hawley JA, Wong SH, Jeukendrup AE (2011). Carbohydrates for training and competition. Journal of Sports Sciences, 29(Suppl 1):S17–S27. doi:10.1080/02640414.2011.585473 check pending
    Cited in: Competition-day meal planning · Fuelling for endurance vs strength/power sports · Macronutrients and athletic performance
35. Carroll TJ, Selvanayagam VS, Riek S, Semmler JG (2011). Neural adaptations to strength training: moving beyond transcranial magnetic stimulation and reflex studies. Acta Physiologica, 202(2):119–140. check pending
    Cited in: Neuromuscular adaptations to training
36. Chua LK, Jimenez-Diaz J, Lewthwaite R, Kim T, Wulf G (2021). Superiority of external attentional focus for motor performance and learning: systematic reviews and meta-analyses. Psychological Bulletin, 147(6):618–645. check pending
    Cited in: Science behind functional and constructive training · Effective communication, goal setting and teaching techniques · Fundamentals of coaching in strength and conditioning
37. Cooper KH (1968). A means of assessing maximal oxygen intake. Correlation between field and treadmill testing. JAMA, 203(3):201–204. check pending
    Cited in: Cardiorespiratory assessments
38. Costill DL, Daniels J, Evans W, et al. (1976). Skeletal muscle enzymes and fiber composition in male and female track athletes. Journal of Applied Physiology, 40(2):149–154. check pending
    Cited in: Muscle fibre types
39. Doherty C, Delahunt E, Caulfield B, et al. (2014). The incidence and prevalence of ankle sprain injury: a systematic review and meta-analysis of prospective epidemiological studies. Sports Medicine, 44(1):123–140. doi:10.1007/s40279-013-0102-5 check pending
    Cited in: The ankle and foot complex · Joint mechanics: arthrokinematics and stability
40. Donnelly JE, Blair SN, Jakicic JM, et al.; American College of Sports Medicine (2009). Appropriate physical activity intervention strategies for weight loss and prevention of weight regain for adults. Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise, 41(2):459–471. check pending
    Cited in: Science of fat loss vs muscle retention · Weight-loss diet planning · Considerations for clients with obesity
41. Douglas J, Pearson S, Ross A, McGuigan M (2017). Eccentric exercise: physiological characteristics and acute responses. Sports Medicine, 47(4):663–675. doi:10.1007/s40279-016-0624-8 verified
    Cited in: Concentric, eccentric and isometric muscle actions
42. Dupuy O, Douzi W, Theurot D, Bosquet L, Dugué B (2018). An evidence-based approach for choosing post-exercise recovery techniques to reduce markers of muscle damage, soreness, fatigue, and inflammation: a systematic review with meta-analysis. Frontiers in Physiology, 9:403. check pending
    Cited in: Nutrition, sleep and regeneration strategies
43. Edwards JJ, Deenmamode AHP, Griffiths M, et al. (2023). Exercise training and resting blood pressure: a large-scale pairwise and network meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials. British Journal of Sports Medicine, 57(20):1317–1326. doi:10.1136/bjsports-2022-106503 check pending
    Cited in: Concentric, eccentric and isometric muscle actions
44. Eickhoff-Shemek JM, Herbert DL, Connaughton DP (2009). Risk Management for Health/Fitness Professionals: Legal Issues and Strategies. Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. check pending
    Cited in: Legal guidelines and business considerations · Role and scope of practice for personal trainers
45. Enoka RM, Duchateau J (2017). Rate coding and the control of muscle force. Cold Spring Harbor Perspectives in Medicine, 7(10):a029702. check pending
    Cited in: Motor units, recruitment and rate coding
46. Evert AB, Dennison M, Gardner CD, et al. (2019). Nutrition therapy for adults with diabetes or prediabetes: a consensus report. Diabetes Care, 42(5):731–754. doi:10.2337/dci19-0014 check pending
    Cited in: Lifestyle nutrition case studies · Nutrition in diabetes, hypertension, dyslipidaemia, PCOD and thyroid disorders
47. Faude O, Kindermann W, Meyer T (2009). Lactate threshold concepts: how valid are they?. Sports Medicine, 39(6):469–490. doi:10.2165/00007256-200939060-00003 verified
    Cited in: Heart rate zones and RPE-based intensity control · Lactate threshold
48. Feito Y, Heinrich KM, Butcher SJ, Poston WSC (2018). High-intensity functional training (HIFT): definition and research implications for improved fitness. Sports, 6(3):76. check pending
    Cited in: Benefits of functional training for diverse populations · Designing functional and group training programmes
49. Ford P, De Ste Croix M, Lloyd R, et al. (2011). The long-term athlete development model: physiological evidence and application. Journal of Sports Sciences, 29(4):389–402. check pending
    Cited in: Periodisation and long-term athlete development (LTAD)
50. Foster C, Florhaug JA, Franklin J, et al. (2001). A new approach to monitoring exercise training. Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research, 15(1):109–115. check pending
    Cited in: Heart rate zones and RPE-based intensity control · Overtraining: recognition and load monitoring
51. Fothergill E, Guo J, Howard L, et al. (2016). Persistent metabolic adaptation 6 years after “The Biggest Loser” competition. Obesity, 24(8):1612–1619. doi:10.1002/oby.21538 check pending
    Cited in: Plateaus and metabolic adaptation
52. Fountaine CJ, Schmidt BJ (2015). Metabolic cost of rope training. Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research, 29(4):889–893. check pending
    Cited in: Functional workout with agility ladder, hurdles and battle ropes
53. Fradkin AJ, Zazryn TR, Smoliga JM (2010). Effects of warming-up on physical performance: a systematic review with meta-analysis. Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research, 24(1):140–148. check pending
    Cited in: Designing individual S&C sessions
54. Fragala MS, Cadore EL, Dorgo S, et al. (2019). Resistance training for older adults: position statement from the National Strength and Conditioning Association. Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research, 33(8):2019–2052. check pending
    Cited in: Exercise considerations across the lifespan
55. Fransen M, McConnell S, Harmer AR, et al. (2015). Exercise for osteoarthritis of the knee. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, CD004376. check pending
    Cited in: Considerations for clients with musculoskeletal issues
56. Frost HM (2003). Bone's mechanostat: a 2003 update. The Anatomical Record Part A, 275(2):1081–1101. doi:10.1002/ar.a.10119 check pending
    Cited in: Bone structure, remodelling and adaptation to loading · Skeletal system: structure and functions
57. Fullagar HH, Skorski S, Duffield R, et al. (2015). Sleep and athletic performance: the effects of sleep loss on exercise performance, and physiological and cognitive responses to exercise. Sports Medicine, 45(2):161–186. check pending
    Cited in: Nutrition, sleep and regeneration strategies
58. Gabbett TJ (2016). The training—injury prevention paradox: should athletes be training smarter and harder?. British Journal of Sports Medicine, 50(5):273–280. doi:10.1136/bjsports-2015-095788 check pending
    Cited in: Macro-, meso- and microcycle planning · Overtraining: recognition and load monitoring
59. Garber CE, Blissmer B, Deschenes MR, et al.; American College of Sports Medicine (2011). Quantity and quality of exercise for developing and maintaining cardiorespiratory, musculoskeletal, and neuromotor fitness in apparently healthy adults: guidance for prescribing exercise. Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise, 43(7):1334–1359. doi:10.1249/MSS.0b013e318213fefb check pending
    Cited in: Determining intensity for functional exercise · Cardiorespiratory training: physiology, assessments and programming · Integrated exercise programming: from evidence to practice · Integrated fitness training models (ACE IFT framework) · Aerobic fitness concepts and adaptations · Heart rate zones and RPE-based intensity control
60. Gardner CD, Trepanowski JF, Del Gobbo LC, et al. (2018). Effect of low-fat vs low-carbohydrate diet on 12-month weight loss in overweight adults and the association with genotype pattern or insulin secretion: the DIETFITS randomized clinical trial. JAMA, 319(7):667–679. doi:10.1001/jama.2018.0245 check pending
    Cited in: Lifestyle nutrition case studies · Weight-loss diet planning
61. Gastin PB (2001). Energy system interaction and relative contribution during maximal exercise. Sports Medicine, 31(10):725–741. doi:10.2165/00007256-200131100-00003 verified
    Cited in: Energy systems overview: how the body makes ATP
62. Geyer H, Parr MK, Mareck U, et al. (2004). Analysis of non-hormonal nutritional supplements for anabolic-androgenic steroids — results of an international study. International Journal of Sports Medicine, 25(2):124–129. check pending
    Cited in: Avoiding banned substances and doping risks
63. Gordon AM, Huxley AF, Julian FJ (1966). The variation in isometric tension with sarcomere length in vertebrate muscle fibres. Journal of Physiology, 184(1):170–192. doi:10.1113/jphysiol.1966.sp007909 check pending
    Cited in: Muscle physiology: excitation–contraction and the sliding filament model
64. Grgic J, Lazinica B, Schoenfeld BJ, Pedisic Z (2020). Test–retest reliability of the one-repetition maximum (1RM) strength assessment: a systematic review. Sports Medicine — Open, 6(1):31. check pending
    Cited in: Muscular strength, endurance and power assessments
65. Guest NS, VanDusseldorp TA, Nelson MT, et al. (2021). International Society of Sports Nutrition position stand: caffeine and exercise performance. Journal of the International Society of Sports Nutrition, 18(1):1. doi:10.1186/s12970-020-00383-4 check pending
    Cited in: Eating for energy and stress management · Competition-day meal planning · Evidence-based supplements (creatine, caffeine and others)
66. Haff GG, Triplett NT (eds) (2016). Essentials of Strength Training and Conditioning (4th ed.) — chapters on test selection and administration. Human Kinetics / NSCA. check pending
    Cited in: Athlete assessment and evaluation
67. Haff GG, Triplett NT (eds) (2016). Essentials of Strength Training and Conditioning (4th ed.). Human Kinetics / NSCA. check pending
    Cited in: Functional workout with dumbbells and kettlebells · Fundamental movement patterns: push, pull, squat, hinge · Periodisation cycles for functional training · Fundamentals of coaching in strength and conditioning · Compound lifts: squat, deadlift and bench variations · Macro-, meso- and microcycle planning · Deloading and fatigue management · Plan, prepare and deliver strength and conditioning for sport · Plyometrics and explosive power training · Position-specific drills: team vs individual sports · Program design for resistance training · Designing individual S&C sessions · Speed and agility program design
68. Hall KD, Ayuketah A, Brychta R, et al. (2019). Ultra-processed diets cause excess calorie intake and weight gain: an inpatient randomized controlled trial of ad libitum food intake. Cell Metabolism, 30(1):67–77. doi:10.1016/j.cmet.2019.05.008 check pending
    Cited in: Portion control and food environment · Weight-loss diet planning
69. Hall KD, Sacks G, Chandramohan D, et al. (2011). Quantification of the effect of energy imbalance on bodyweight. The Lancet, 378(9793):826–837. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(11)60812-X check pending
    Cited in: Calorie balance and metabolism · Plateaus and metabolic adaptation · Weight-loss diet planning
70. Hargreaves M, Spriet LL (2020). Skeletal muscle energy metabolism during exercise. Nature Metabolism, 2(9):817–828. doi:10.1038/s42255-020-0251-4 verified
    Cited in: The aerobic oxidative system · Anaerobic glycolysis and lactate · The ATP-PC (phosphagen) system · Energy systems overview: how the body makes ATP · Macronutrients and athletic performance
71. Hartvigsen J, Hancock MJ, Kongsted A, et al. (2018). What low back pain is and why we need to pay attention. The Lancet, 391(10137):2356–2367. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(18)30480-X check pending
    Cited in: Spine and posture
72. Haugen T, Seiler S, Sandbakk Ø, Tønnessen E (2019). The training and development of elite sprint performance: an integration of scientific and best practice literature. Sports Medicine — Open, 5:44. check pending
    Cited in: Speed and agility program design
73. Hawley JA, Hargreaves M, Joyner MJ, Zierath JR (2014). Integrative biology of exercise. Cell, 159(4):738–749. doi:10.1016/j.cell.2014.10.029 check pending
    Cited in: Aerobic fitness concepts and adaptations
74. Helms ER, Aragon AA, Fitschen PJ (2014). Evidence-based recommendations for natural bodybuilding contest preparation: nutrition and supplementation. Journal of the International Society of Sports Nutrition, 11:20. doi:10.1186/1550-2783-11-20 check pending
    Cited in: Science of fat loss vs muscle retention · Balancing muscle gain and fat loss
75. Helms ER, Cronin J, Storey A, Zourdos MC (2016). Application of the repetitions in reserve-based rating of perceived exertion scale for resistance training. Strength and Conditioning Journal, 38(4):42–49. check pending
    Cited in: Determining intensity for functional exercise · Progressive overload and programming variables (sets, reps, tempo)
76. Henneman E (1957). Relation between size of neurons and their susceptibility to discharge. Science, 126(3287):1345–1347. doi:10.1126/science.126.3287.1345 check pending
    Cited in: Muscle fibre types · Motor units, recruitment and rate coding · Muscle physiology: excitation–contraction and the sliding filament model
77. Hewett TE, Myer GD, Ford KR, et al. (2005). Biomechanical measures of neuromuscular control and valgus loading of the knee predict anterior cruciate ligament injury risk in female athletes. American Journal of Sports Medicine, 33(4):492–501. doi:10.1177/0363546504269591 check pending
    Cited in: The knee complex · Limits of movement screens and postural assessment
78. Hill AV (1938). The heat of shortening and the dynamic constants of muscle. Proceedings of the Royal Society B, 126(843):136–195. doi:10.1098/rspb.1938.0050 check pending
    Cited in: Concentric, eccentric and isometric muscle actions
79. Hodges PW, Richardson CA (1996). Inefficient muscular stabilization of the lumbar spine associated with low back pain: a motor control evaluation of transversus abdominis. Spine, 21(22):2640–2650. check pending
    Cited in: Core and pelvic stability
80. Hody S, Croisier JL, Bury T, Rogister B, Leprince P (2019). Eccentric muscle contractions: risks and benefits. Frontiers in Physiology, 10:536. doi:10.3389/fphys.2019.00536 · Link verified
    Cited in: Concentric, eccentric and isometric muscle actions
81. Hollands GJ, Shemilt I, Marteau TM, et al. (2015). Portion, package or tableware size for changing selection and consumption of food, alcohol and tobacco. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, CD011045. check pending
    Cited in: Lifestyle nutrition case studies · Mindful eating and hunger/fullness cues · Portion control and food environment
82. Holloszy JO (1967). Biochemical adaptations in muscle: effects of exercise on mitochondrial oxygen uptake and respiratory enzyme activity in skeletal muscle. Journal of Biological Chemistry, 242(9):2278–2282. check pending
    Cited in: The aerobic oxidative system
83. Hopkins WG (2000). Measures of reliability in sports medicine and science. Sports Medicine, 30(1):1–15. check pending
    Cited in: Athlete assessment and evaluation
84. Huxley AF, Niedergerke R (1954). Structural changes in muscle during contraction: interference microscopy of living muscle fibres. Nature, 173:971–973. doi:10.1038/173971a0 check pending
    Cited in: Muscle physiology: excitation–contraction and the sliding filament model
85. Huxley H, Hanson J (1954). Changes in the cross-striations of muscle during contraction and stretch and their structural interpretation. Nature, 173:973–976. doi:10.1038/173973a0 check pending
    Cited in: Muscle physiology: excitation–contraction and the sliding filament model
86. ICMR–National Institute of Nutrition (2020). Nutrient Requirements for Indians: Recommended Dietary Allowances and Estimated Average Requirements. ICMR-NIN, Hyderabad. check pending
    Cited in: Macronutrients and their roles in health · Creating individualised nutrition plans · Micronutrients and hydration essentials
87. Impellizzeri FM, Tenan MS, Kempton T, Novak A, Coutts AJ (2020). Acute:chronic workload ratio: conceptual issues and fundamental pitfalls. International Journal of Sports Physiology and Performance, 15(6):907–913. check pending
    Cited in: Overtraining: recognition and load monitoring
88. Inman VT, Saunders JB, Abbott LC (1944). Observations on the function of the shoulder joint. Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery, 26(1):1–30. check pending
    Cited in: The shoulder complex
89. Issurin VB (2010). New horizons for the methodology and physiology of training periodization. Sports Medicine, 40(3):189–206. check pending
    Cited in: Periodisation cycles for functional training · Macro-, meso- and microcycle planning · Periodisation and long-term athlete development (LTAD)
90. Jackson AS, Pollock ML (1978). Generalized equations for predicting body density of men. British Journal of Nutrition, 40(3):497–504. check pending
    Cited in: Resting assessments and anthropometric measurements
91. Jäger R, Kerksick CM, Campbell BI, et al. (2017). International Society of Sports Nutrition position stand: protein and exercise. Journal of the International Society of Sports Nutrition, 14:20. doi:10.1186/s12970-017-0177-8 check pending
    Cited in: Fuelling for endurance vs strength/power sports · Creating individualised nutrition plans · Macronutrients and athletic performance · Balancing muscle gain and fat loss · Pre-, intra- and post-workout nutrition strategies · Nutrition for injury prevention and recovery
92. Jamnick NA, Pettitt RW, Granata C, Pyne DB, Bishop DJ (2020). An examination and critique of current methods to determine exercise intensity. Sports Medicine, 50(10):1729–1756. doi:10.1007/s40279-020-01322-8 check pending
    Cited in: Lactate threshold
93. Jeffreys I, Moody J (eds) (2016). Strength and Conditioning for Sports Performance. Routledge. check pending
    Cited in: Fundamentals of coaching in strength and conditioning · Plan, prepare and deliver strength and conditioning for sport · Position-specific drills: team vs individual sports · Designing individual S&C sessions
94. Jeukendrup A (2014). A step towards personalized sports nutrition: carbohydrate intake during exercise. Sports Medicine, 44(Suppl 1):S25–S33. check pending
    Cited in: Sports nutrition case studies · Pre-, intra- and post-workout nutrition strategies
95. Joyner MJ, Coyle EF (2008). Endurance exercise performance: the physiology of champions. Journal of Physiology, 586(1):35–44. doi:10.1113/jphysiol.2007.143834 check pending
    Cited in: Stroke volume, heart rate and cardiac output · Lactate threshold · VO₂ max
96. Kendall FP, McCreary EK, Provance PG, Rodgers MM, Romani WA (2005). Muscles: Testing and Function, with Posture and Pain (5th ed.). Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. check pending
    Cited in: Postural and functional assessment (Prehab assessment tool)
97. Kerksick CM, Arent S, Schoenfeld BJ, et al. (2017). International Society of Sports Nutrition position stand: nutrient timing. Journal of the International Society of Sports Nutrition, 14:33. doi:10.1186/s12970-017-0189-4 check pending
    Cited in: Pre-, intra- and post-workout nutrition strategies · Nutrition, sleep and regeneration strategies
98. Kibler WB, Ludewig PM, McClure PW, et al. (2013). Clinical implications of scapular dyskinesis in shoulder injury: the 2013 consensus statement from the ‘Scapular Summit’. British Journal of Sports Medicine, 47(14):877–885. doi:10.1136/bjsports-2013-092425 check pending
    Cited in: The shoulder complex
99. Kibler WB, Press J, Sciascia A (2006). The role of core stability in athletic function. Sports Medicine, 36(3):189–198. check pending
    Cited in: Core and pelvic stability
100. Kline GM, Porcari JP, Hintermeister R, et al. (1987). Estimation of VO2max from a one-mile track walk, gender, age, and body weight. Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise, 19(3):253–259. check pending
     Cited in: Cardiorespiratory assessments
101. Knudson D (2007). Fundamentals of Biomechanics (2nd ed.). Springer. check pending
     Cited in: Basics of biomechanics in sport: kinematics and kinetics · Levers, torque and moment arms · Biomechanics and movement analysis
102. Kodama S, Saito K, Tanaka S, et al. (2009). Cardiorespiratory fitness as a quantitative predictor of all-cause mortality and cardiovascular events in healthy men and women: a meta-analysis. JAMA, 301(19):2024–2035. doi:10.1001/jama.2009.681 check pending
     Cited in: VO₂ max
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Recommended books

• Betts JG et al. Anatomy and Physiology 2e. OpenStax (free, CC BY 4.0). openstax.org
• Neumann DA. Kinesiology of the Musculoskeletal System, 3rd ed. Elsevier, 2017.
• Kenney WL, Wilmore JH, Costill DL. Physiology of Sport and Exercise. Human Kinetics (latest edition).
• Haff GG, Triplett NT (eds). Essentials of Strength Training and Conditioning (NSCA), 4th ed. Human Kinetics, 2016.
• American College of Sports Medicine. ACSM’s Guidelines for Exercise Testing and Prescription (latest edition). Wolters Kluwer.